Greetings fellow cats and human companions. As you are aware, cats come in a wide variety of sizes, shapes, and patterns. But one thing that we all have in common is our beautiful eyes. While our ability to see in the dark has been exaggerated, our eyes are pretty amazing.

To start with, we have a third eyelid. It sits at the inside corner of the eye. It contains part of the tear gland and produces a lot of tear “film.” The third eyelid assists with keeping your eyes lubricated and healthy. For example, if you get a little dirt in your eye, the tear film helps tears move across the eye to get rid of the irritation. The third eyelid also helps protects your eyes when you’re moving through grass or hunting prey.

We also have something called a “tapetum lucidum.” That’s a special reflective structure at the back of our eyes. It’s a little like having a mirror reflect light back onto the retina. If you’ve ever noticed that your eyes glow in certain light, that’s thanks to the tapetum lucidum. It also lets us see better in dim light than the humans can. However, even cats can’t see in total darkness.

Our pupils contract into slits, rather than staying round like the humans. We have a greater variation in pupil size which allows us to see better in the dark. They probably give us better depth perception too.

The humans say that we see fewer colors than they do. We have some sensors (cones) in our retinas that process color. But we don’t have as many or the same variety as the humans. We can’t tell red from green. But we can differentiate blues and yellows. Guess that’s why we do so much by smell.

Cats have a variety of eye colors. The DNA we get from our moms and dads determines what color we end up with. The more melanin you get from your parents, the darker your fur will be. It doesn’t really affect eye color. That is determined by pigmentation and blue refraction which are both determined by genetics. Typically, purebred cats have the purest colors. (But not necessarily the prettiest eyes.)

There are a wide variety of color options (the breeds shown are examples, not an exhaustive list):
- Yellow/Amber/Brown – Usually found in Bengals, American Shorthairs, Manx, British Shorthairs, LaPerm, Bombay, Sphinx, and Norwegian Forest Cats. Brown eyes may contain a tinge of green, orange, or yellow or be flecked with color.
- Hazel (green/golden yellow) – Found in wild cats in temperate climates, especially lynx and bobcats. They are also found in Abyssinian, Bengal, Singapura, Cornish Rex, and Scottish Fold cats.
- Green – Found in the Egyptian Mau and Russian Blue. Some cats with green eyes have gold or yellow specks in them.
- Aqua/Blue – A pure white cat will almost certainly have blue eyes. The dominant white gene (the epistatic gene) overrules all other color codes. These cats do not have melanin in their irises; the blue eyes are the result of light reflecting off the edge of the iris. Blue eyes are also found in a variety of other cats.
- Orange/Copper – Found in Japanese Bobtail, Maine Coon, Persian, Cornish Rex, and Chartreux cats. The color seems to have been bred into existence by cat fanciers. Copper is the darkest color seen in cat eyes.
- Blue/Pink/Lilac – These colors are seen in albino cats
- Heterochromia – Eyes of two different colors. (Our human brother has this.) One eye is usually blue, while the other is green, hazel, yellow, or orange.
- Dichromatic – One iris contains two colors. It’s because cats have varying amounts of melanin in various spots of the iris.
We talk with our eyes. Here are some ways that we communicate with our eyes:
- “Smiling” Eyes – When we’re happy, sometimes we close our eyes half-way and relax.
- Slow Blink – We think everyone knows that the slow blink is our way of saying “I love you.” Humans even try to initiate it with their cats. Hint: close your eyes slowly, then open them while looking at your human.
- Staring – A long, steady stare without blinking is a power move. It is a way of establishing dominance.
- Alert Eyes – When our eyes are wide with dilated pupils, we are ready to go. We’re either excited about something or have some extra energy to get rid of.
- Wide Eyes – If our eyes are wide and our bodies are tense, something is wrong. We’re either startled or getting ready for a confrontation. Other signs are a fluffed tail and laid-back ears. If you’re petting us, we’re probably overstimulated and it’s time to stop.
- Narrow Eyes – When our eyes narrow, we are not happy. And it’s almost time to fight.

The most important thing your human can do for your eyes is to stay alert. Pay attention to any changes in your eyes (e.g., squinting, consistent protrusion of the third eyelid, discharge, swelling), and take you to the vet if they notice anything. Otherwise, our eyes are pretty low-maintenance.








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